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Windows CMD Commands

Command Prompt commands for files, system, network, and user management

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01

Files & Folders

  • dir

    List files in the current folder (dir /a includes hidden files)

  • cd 경로

    Change directory (cd .. goes up, d: switches drive)

  • mkdir 폴더명

    Create a new folder

  • rmdir /s /q 폴더명

    Delete a folder and all its contents without confirmation ※ caution

  • del /f /q 파일명

    Force delete a file without prompting

  • copy 원본 대상

    Copy a file to a destination

  • xcopy 원본 대상 /e /h /y

    Copy including subdirectories and hidden files

  • robocopy 원본 대상 /e

    Robust copy tool for large or network transfers (/mir mirrors but deletes destination files not in source)

  • move 원본 대상

    Move a file or folder (ren to rename)

  • type 파일명

    Print the contents of a text file

  • tree /f

    Display the folder structure as a tree including files

02

System Management

  • systeminfo

    Display system information such as OS version and memory

  • tasklist

    List all running processes

  • tasklist | findstr 프로그램명

    Filter the process list to find a specific program

  • taskkill /im 프로그램.exe /f

    Force terminate a process by name

  • taskkill /pid 1234 /f

    Force terminate a process by PID

  • shutdown /s /t 0

    Shut down immediately (/r to reboot)

  • shutdown /a

    Cancel a scheduled shutdown

  • sfc /scannow

    Scan and repair corrupted system files (requires admin)

  • chkdsk C: /f

    Check and fix disk errors (requires admin)

  • winver

    Open the Windows version dialog

  • cls

    Clear the screen

03

Network

  • ipconfig

    Show IP address and gateway (/all shows MAC, DNS, and more)

  • ipconfig /flushdns

    Flush the DNS cache (fixes site access issues)

  • ipconfig /release && ipconfig /renew

    Release and renew the IP address

  • ping 주소

    Test connectivity to an address (-t pings continuously)

  • tracert 주소

    Trace the network route to a destination

  • nslookup 도메인

    Look up DNS information for a domain

  • netstat -ano

    Show active connections with port numbers and PIDs

  • netstat -ano | findstr :8080

    Find the process using a specific port

  • arp -a

    Show IP and MAC addresses of devices on the local network

  • netsh wlan show profiles

    List saved Wi-Fi profiles

  • netsh wlan show profile name="와이파이명" key=clear

    Show the saved Wi-Fi password (local PC only)

04

Users & Permissions

  • whoami

    Show the currently logged-in user

  • net user

    List user accounts on the PC (net user name for details)

  • net localgroup administrators

    Show accounts in the administrators group

  • runas /user:Administrator cmd

    Run a program as a different user

05

Utilities

  • echo %PATH%

    Print the value of an environment variable (set lists all)

  • where 프로그램명

    Find the path of an executable

  • findstr "텍스트" 파일명

    Search for text inside a file

  • fc 파일1 파일2

    Compare the contents of two files

  • tasklist | clip

    Copy command output to the clipboard

  • driverquery

    List all installed drivers

  • powershell

    Switch to PowerShell (exit to return)

Windows CMD: Getting Things Done from the Command Prompt

Windows Command Prompt (cmd.exe) lets you perform file operations, system diagnostics, network troubleshooting, and user management faster than using the GUI. Key commands include ipconfig /flushdns for DNS issues, netstat -ano for port conflicts, and taskkill for unresponsive programs.

The netsh wlan show profile command reveals saved Wi-Fi passwords — it applies only to your own PC's saved profiles. For system health checks, run sfc /scannow followed by chkdsk to diagnose most file system problems.

⚠ rmdir /s /q, del /f, and robocopy /mir delete or overwrite files without confirmation. Always verify the target path before running these commands.

FAQ

A command says I need administrator privileges.
Search for "cmd" in the Start menu, right-click "Command Prompt," and select "Run as administrator." Commands like sfc, chkdsk, and net user changes require an elevated prompt.
How do I find and kill the process using a specific port?
Run netstat -ano | findstr :PORT to find the PID, then tasklist | findstr PID to identify the process, and taskkill /pid PID /f to terminate it.
Should I use CMD or PowerShell?
CMD is sufficient for quick checks, network diagnostics, and simple file operations. PowerShell is better for scripting, automation, and object-based data handling. Most CMD commands work in PowerShell too.

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